粗放型绿色屋顶对多环芳烃的控制效果

构建4个粗放型绿色屋顶中试设施,考察不同基质组成的设施在实际降雨条件下出水中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)质量浓度并与降雨、沥青屋面径流、空白对照设施的出水进行对比.结果表明,8场监测降雨事件中,4种模拟屋面设施出流PAHs的平均质量浓度分别为145、166、151、160 ng·L~(-1),沥青屋面和空白对照设施出流PAHs的平均质量浓度分别为900 ng·L-1和270 ng·L~(-1),4个模拟设施出流PAHs质量浓度显著低于沥青屋面和空白对照设施;从质量负荷控制的角度,4个模拟设施均能有效控制屋面径流PAHs负荷,与空白屋面相比,平均负荷削减率为71.76%.绿色屋顶对PAHs的去除机制以基质材料的截留及吸附为主,同样基质配比的情况下,增加基质层厚度,能改善设施对PAHs的去除效果.将传统沥青屋面改造为粗放型绿色屋顶,有助于控制屋面径流PAHs排放.     

大型浮顶储罐雷击事故分析及防雷技术研究

通过对典型大型浮顶储罐雷击事故分析,总结了这些事故的共性问题。结合浮顶储罐雷击形式及雷电火花放电研究,分析了大型浮顶储罐雷击火灾事故的机理。岚山输油站在等电位连接、一次密封形式结构等方面进行技术改造,经过验证这些措施有效减少了大型浮顶储罐火灾事故的发生。     

Mixing Processes in Geophysical and Astrophysical Flows – A Conference Report

The Third ERCOFTAC conference on `Mixing in Geophysical and Astrophysical Flows' was held at the University of Sheffield over the period 12–14 April 2000. The meeting attracted over forty participants from ten different countries. Some delegates had travelled from as far as U.S.A., Venezuela, Australia, Russia and Sweden to attend the conference. Nine invited papers were presented along with twenty-seven contributed oral presentations and six posters. The main topics discussed included stratified and rotating flows, gravity waves, turbulence and mixing. The presentations are summarised in this report, which aims to provide a broad account of current topics of interest related to mixing processes in geophysical and astrophysical flows.     

外浮顶罐充氮管网设计及有效性试验验证

为了预防外浮顶罐密封圈雷击火灾,提出在密封圈内充入氮气的保护方法.将安全含氧量作为充氮的惰化目标,对外浮顶罐充氮管网进行设计,并通过试验来验证充氮管网的有效性.试验得到了充氮流量、进出气孔数量及管径与有效充氮时间的关系.若以142 m3/h的流量对容量为10×104 m3的外浮顶罐密封圈内充氮,则46.5 min内可以达到充氮惰化目标.雷电预警时间为60 ～ 90 min的条件下,充氮时间小于预警时间,表明所设计的管网是有效的.     

Evaluating Alternative Temporal Survey Designs for Monitoring Wetland Area and Detecting Changes Over Time in California

Evaluation of wetland extent and changes in extent is a foundation of many wetland monitoring and assessment programs. Probabilistic sampling and mapping provides a cost‐effective alternative to comprehensive mapping for large geographic areas. One unresolved challenge for probabilistic or design‐based approaches is how best to monitor both status (e.g., extent at a single point in time) and trends (e.g., changes in extent over time) within a single monitoring program. Existing wetland status and trends (S&T) monitoring programs employ fixed sampling locations; however, theoretical evaluation and limited implementation in other landscape monitoring areas suggest that alternative designs could increase statistical efficiency and overall accuracy. In particular, designs that employ both fixed and nonfixed sampling locations (alternately termed permanent and temporary samples), termed sampling with partial replacement (SPR), are considered to efficiently and effectively balance monitoring current status with detection of trends. This study utilized simulated sampling to assess the performance of fixed sampling locations, SPR, and strictly nonfixed designs for monitoring wetland S&T over time. Modeled changes in wetland density over time were used as inputs for sampling simulations. In contrast to previous evaluations of SPR, the results of this study support the use of a fixed sampling design and show that SPR may underestimate both S&T.     

外浮顶储罐泡沫灭火设施的选型

分析了外浮顶储罐火灾危险性及火灾类型,对目前泡沫灭火设施在外浮顶储罐中的应用及存在的问题进行阐述,建议外浮顶储罐的泡沫灭火设施采用边缘泡沫消防系统.     

单体液压支柱工作面顶板事故的原因与防治

简要地介绍了安徽淮南某矿回采工作面发生的1起重大冒顶事故,从地质、技术、装备、管理以及认识等方面分析r事故发生的原因,并提出了防治顶板事故的6项措施。     

高阶段尾砂胶结充填体力学研究与博弈树配比优化

在实验室试验了不同配比尾砂胶结试块强度,在充填采场取样测试了采场充填体强度.结果表明,如果以实验室试验的力学参数为充填配比设计依据,充填体最小设计安全系数为1.6～1.8比较合理.分析高阶段充填体受力,推导了分层充填力学计算公式及安全系数计算方法;根据充填工艺,确定最小充填高度,沿采场高度方向划分配比优化单元,建立了高阶段充填体配比优化设计模型;采用博弈树分析方法,解决了高阶段充填体配比优化问题,并对安庆铜矿5号矿房配比进行了优化.结果显示:与经验设计方法相比,采用本文方法优化充填配比,不仅使高阶段充填体内安全系数分布更趋合理,而且降低了水泥消耗.     

浮顶储罐弹簧式机械密封装置雷击危险性分析

针对大型浮顶储罐经常采用的弹性机械密封装置进行雷击危险性的理论分析和实验验证,明确此类弹性机械密封在雷击发生时存在的安全隐患,提出了建议措施,为大型浮顶储罐防雷击安全运行提供指导意义。     

沿空留巷直接顶稳定性突变分析及其控制

保持直接顶稳定,降低其突变所引起的危害是沿空留巷顶板控制的关键。基于沿空留巷直接顶力学模型,采用能量平衡分析法,建立直接顶突变的燕尾突变模型。结合某工程实例,阐述沿空留巷直接顶稳定性突变机理,分析巷帮煤体支撑力、巷内支护阻力、充填体支撑力对直接顶稳定性突变的影响。实践表明,增加工作面超前加固范围,巷内支护采用高预应力强力锚杆与锚索等主动支护,巷旁采用膏体充填,能够提高充填体早期强度,延缓直接顶稳定性突变的发生和减轻突变发生的烈度。